Working principle of 4WE10 solenoid reversing valve

4WE10 electromagnetic reversing valve is a key control element widely used in hydraulic systems. Its working principle is based on the solenoid force driving the valve core movement, thereby changing the fluid channel and realizing the fluid reversing control. Here is how it works in detail:

1. Core structure composition

The 4WE10 solenoid reversing valve is mainly composed of the following parts:

Valve Body: Housing, designed with multiple fluid channels inside, including one inlet and multiple outlets.

Valve spool: a movable component that controls the flow direction of fluid through position changes.

Electromagnet: A driving device, usually a wet AC or DC electromagnet, generates electromagnetic force when powered on.

Reset spring: Used to reset the valve core to ensure that the valve core returns to its initial position when the power is off.

Pilot control valve (some models): control the main valve core action through small flow rate to achieve more precise control.

2. Working principle

1. Electromagnet energization stage

Electromagnetic force generation: When the solenoid is energized, the coil generates a magnetic field, attracting the iron core (valve core) to move.

Valve spool movement: The valve spool overcomes the resistance of the return spring under the action of electromagnetic force and moves to the designated position.

Fluid channel switching: After the valve core moves, change the connection method of the fluid channel inside the valve body. For example:

If the valve core moves to the left, the inlet and outlet A are in communication, and outlet B is closed.

If the valve core moves to the right, the inlet and outlet B are in communication, and outlet A is closed.

Fluid flow direction control: Through the change of the position of the valve core, the fluid is switched from the inlet to different outlets, thereby controlling the movement direction of actuators such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors.

2. Electromagnet power outage stage

Electromagnetic force disappears: After the electromagnetic magnet is powered off, the magnetic field disappears and the electromagnetic force disappears.

Reset spring action: The return spring pushes the valve core back to its initial position (intermediate position or default position).

Fluid channel recovery: After the valve core is reset, the fluid channel returns to its initial state, such as the default connection method between the inlet and outlet A or B.

3. Classification of control methods

1. Direct-motion control

Principle: The solenoid force directly drives the valve core to move without external pressure assistance.

Features:

Simple structure and fast response speed.

Suitable for low-voltage and small flow scenarios.

The diameter of the hole is generally not more than 25mm.

2. Pilot control

Principle: Control the operation of the main valve core through a small flow pilot valve to achieve large flow control.

Working process:

When powered on: the solenoid force opens the pilot hole, and the pressure in the upper chamber of the main valve drops, forming a pressure difference, pushing the main valve core upwards, opening the main valve.

When power is off: the spring force or medium pressure pushes the pilot valve to close, the upper chamber pressure of the main valve rises, the main valve core moves downward, and the main valve is closed.

Features:

Suitable for high-voltage and large flow scenarios.

High control accuracy but complex structure.

3. Spring centering and hydraulic centering

Spring centering:

The valve core is kept in the middle position by two springs.

When the solenoid is energized, the pressure oil acts on one end of the valve core, pushing it to move.

When power is off, the spring force returns the valve core.

Hydraulic centering:

The pressure oil acts on both ends of the valve core and maintains the intermediate position through the positioning sleeve.

When one end of the valve core is unloaded, the other end pressure pushes it to move.

Suitable for high pressure scenarios, but it depends on pressure oil to maintain position.

4. Performance characteristics

High control accuracy: precisely control the valve core position through electromagnetic force to achieve accurate switching of fluid flow direction.

Fast response speed: After the solenoid is powered on, the valve core moves quickly, shortening the response time.

High reliability: Wet electromagnet design reduces wear and extends service life.

Flexible installation: supports plate connection, complies with DIN24340 standard, and is suitable for a variety of hydraulic systems.

Strong functional expansion: optional additional devices such as manual buttons, reversing time regulators, main valve stroke regulators, etc.

5. Application scenarios

4WE10 solenoid reversing valves are widely used in hydraulic systems that require precise control of the direction of fluid, such as:

Industrial production line: controls the movement direction of mechanical arms, conveyor belts and other equipment.

Machinery equipment: Adjust the position of tools and fixtures.

Hydraulic system test: simulates the flow direction of fluid under different working conditions.